An investigation of the behavior of outgassed molecules in thermal vacuums

The objective is to understand how surfaces outgas and how outgassed substances subsequently condense on other surfaces. Preliminary tests produced calculated mass losses that were found to be in reasonable agreement with mass losses determined by weighing the sample before and after testing on analytical balances. However, using test materials with various molecular properties showed characteristic variations in the ratios of calculated total mass loss to experimental loss. These variations indicate that for some molecules energetic barriers to absorption and desorption can exist between outgassed molecules and the surfaces on which they condense

Oligopsony Power: Evidence from the U.S. Beef Packing Industry

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/24/09.Margin, Beef Packing, Fed Cattle Prices, Markov Regime Switching, Industrial Organization,

Introduction

The Annual Stoneburner Lecture series this year has been devoted to clinical adult and pediatric urology. The purpose of the papers presented was to give the urologist and the primary care physician an overview of the problems and the latest developments and advances in technique. The 26th Annual Stoneburner Lecture series was held February 22-23, 1973

Management of Carcinoma of the Kidney and Urinary Bladder

Tumors of the upper urinary tract constitute 1% to 2% of all cancers, and each year 11,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States. Approximately half of these patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Hypernephroma, or renal cell carcinoma, was first described in 1863 by Grawitz. These tumors arise from tubular epithelial cells and are correctly termed renal cell carcinoma or renal cell adenocarcinoma. There is evidence that further identifies the cell of origin as being from the proximal convoluted tubular epithelium. There does not appear to be a specific racial or ethnic incidence although it occurs three times more often in men than in women. Few epidemiological studies of this disease have been undertaken, although there is some association between the use of tobacco and an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma. The classical triad of hematuria, pain, and a palpable mass are late findings with a poor prognosis which occurs in 10% of the patients and usually represents metastatic disease. Forty percent of the patients may have hematuria or other urinary complaints. Local effects of the tumors are hematuria, pain, and a flank mass, but the presenting symptoms may include a varicocele in the male which is produced by direct pressure of the tumor on the spermatic vein or because of stasis caused by an obstructing tumor thrombus in the vena cava. Systemic toxic effects such as hyperpyrexia may be of an intermittent or variable nature. Anemia or abnormal live chemistries may also be present. Erythrocytosis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia may also be manifest

LIVESTOCK FUTURES MARKETS AND RATIONAL PRICE FORMATION: EVIDENCE FOR LIVE CATTLE AND LIVE HOGS

The efficiency of livestock futures markets continues to receive attention, particularly with regard to their forward pricing or forecasting ability. The purpose of this paper is to present a more general theory that encompasses the forward pricing concept. It is argued that futures contract prices for competitively produced nonstorable commodities, such as live cattle and live hogs, follow a rational formation process. Futures contract prices reflect expected market conditions when contracts are sufficiently close to the delivery month that the supply of the underlying commodity cannot be changed. However, prior to the period when future supplies are relatively fixed, futures contract prices should adjust to reflect the competitive equilibrium, where output price equals average costs of production. Presented evidence suggests that live cattle and live hog futures markets support the rational price formation hypothesis: prices for distant contracts reflect average costs of feeding. Implications for risk management strategies are considered.Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,

VARIABLE GROWTH IMPACTS ON OPTIMAL MARKET TIMING IN ALL-OUT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

This paper addresses the economic impacts of growth variability on market timing decisions in an all-in, all-out production system. Marketing decisions based on the pen average are determined to be different than those based on the entire distribution of output levels. A case study data set of 350 swine provides verification of our theoretical construct.Production Economics,

A comparison of ground-based and space flight data: Atomic oxygen reactions with boron nitride and silicon nitride

The effects of atomic oxygen on boron nitride (BN) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) have been studied in low Earth orbit (LEO) flight experiments and in a ground-based simulation facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both the in-flight and ground-based experiments employed the materials coated over thin (approx 250 Angstrom) silver films whose electrical resistance was measured in situ to detect penetration of atomic oxygen through the BN and Si3N4 materials. In the presence of atomic oxygen, silver oxidizes to form silver oxide, which has a much higher electrical resistance than pure silver. Permeation of atomic oxygen through BN, as indicated by an increase in the electrical resistance of the silver underneath, was observed in both the in-flight and ground-based experiments. In contrast, no permeation of atomic oxygen through Si3N4 was observed in either the in-flight or ground-based experiments. The ground-based results show good qualitative correlation with the LEO flight results, thus validating the simulation fidelity of the ground-based facility in terms of reproducing LEO flight results

Rational Price Formation in Live Cattle and Live Hog Futures Markets

The Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Warner-Bratzler shear force values and ranges of steaks from cattle of known sires

Carcass data and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) data on strip loin steaks were collected from nearly 8,500 cattle in contemporary groups of progeny from the more popular sires in 14 different beef cattle breeds in the Carcass Merit Traits project funded by Beef Checkoff dollars, the breed associations, and MMI Genomics. In addition, trained sensory panel evaluations were conducted on over 2,500 strip loin steaks from contemporary groups of progeny from five sires included in the DNA marker validation component of the project. The correlation between WBSF and tenderness scored by the trained sensory panel was -0.82, indicating that as WBSF increased, tenderness scored by the sensory panel decreased. Our results showed that a WBSF value of ≥ 11.0 lb generally results in a sensory score of slightly tough or tougher. In this study, 22.8% of the cattle had WBSF values ≥ 11.0 lb and 26.3% had sensory scores of slightly tough or tougher. The phenotypic range of WBSF means for sires within breeds ranged from 1.9 to 6.6 lb. The phenotypic range of WBSF means across breeds was 8.9 lb, whereas the range among sires across breeds was a dramatic 14.4 lb. The phenotypic range for flavor intensity scores among sires within and across breeds was much smaller than for tenderness, with juiciness scores being intermediate. The 40 widely used sires that produced progeny with steaks that were unacceptable in tenderness in this study might be expected to be sires of several thousand bulls used in commercial herds. This demonstrates that seedstock producers should aggressively utilize sires that have genetics for tender meat